What is Orbital Welding?

Orbital welding is the automatic welding of tubes or pipe in-place with a rotating tungsten electrode. Orbital welding equipment using the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process can be used for simple fusion welding, and with the addition of filler wire.

Orbital tube welding was developed in the 1950s, replacing compression fittings and manual welds in the aerospace industry. Technological advancements have made programming and operation simple. Enclosed weld heads can operate on diameters 0.125” (3mm) up to 6 “ (168.3mm), and open weld heads using interchangeable guide rings can mount on a pipe of any diameter.

Orbital Welding Benefits

Consistency and Repeatability

Unlike manual welding, the orbital welding process produces welds that meet industry code acceptance criteria. Consistent bead size and full penetration create smooth surfaces that prevent microbiological growth and possible contamination of the product, a requirement of ASME BPE. Multipass welds with the addition of added filler wire will meet the rigorous pressure and process pipe codes of B31.1 and B31.3.

Cleanliness

An orbital fusion weld head creates a sterile, enclosed environment for a tube weld. With proper purging techniques, the discoloration associated with oxidation of stainless and high-nickel alloy is easily prevented.

Versatility

Orbital welders are ideal for applications where the tube or pipe cannot be rotated, have poor arc visibility, or are located in a hard to reach place. The automated welding process will improve operator comfort and safety, eliminating repetitive motion injuries.

Productivity

Many industry studies have found that a manual welder averages a 30% “arc on” time. Orbital welding equipment can average a 75-80% efficiency; as it eliminates the fatigue factor.

Documentation

The orbital welding power supply can manage and print weld schedules to keep accurate and complete documentation of welds.